a street in Rome

vēlābrum, i, n. [velo], a covering or awning stretched above the theatre, Amm. 14, 6, 25.

Vēlābrum, i, n.

A street in Rome on the Aventine Hill, between the Vicus Tuscus and the Forum Boarium, where especially oil-dealers and cheesemongers sold their wares, Varr. L. L. 5, § 43 sq. Müll.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 29; id. Curc. 4, 1, 22; Hor. S. 2, 3, 229; Tib. 2, 5, 33; Prop. 4 (5), 9, 5; Ov. F. 6, 405.— Hence, Vēlābrensis, e, adj., of or belonging to the Velabrum, Velabrian:

caseus,

Mart. 13, 32, 2; cf. id. 11, 52, 10.—

Velabrum Minus, a small street in Rome, Varr. L. L. 5, § 156 Müll.

vēlābrum, i, n. [velo], a covering or awning stretched above the theatre, Amm. 14, 6, 25.

Vēlābrum, i, n.

A street in Rome on the Aventine Hill, between the Vicus Tuscus and the Forum Boarium, where especially oil-dealers and cheesemongers sold their wares, Varr. L. L. 5, § 43 sq. Müll.; Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 29; id. Curc. 4, 1, 22; Hor. S. 2, 3, 229; Tib. 2, 5, 33; Prop. 4 (5), 9, 5; Ov. F. 6, 405.— Hence, Vēlābrensis, e, adj., of or belonging to the Velabrum, Velabrian:

caseus,

Mart. 13, 32, 2; cf. id. 11, 52, 10.—

Velabrum Minus, a small street in Rome, Varr. L. L. 5, § 156 Müll.

săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

sacres porci,

Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

Macr. S. 3, 7:

sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

Gai. Inst. 2, 3.

In gen.

Absol.:

quicquam (opp. profanum),

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

locus sacer et profanus,

id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

miscebis sacra profanis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

(legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

Ov. H. 9, 159:

aedes,

Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

lucus late sacer,

Verg. A. 5, 761:

arvum Martis,

Ov. M. 7, 101:

ara,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

aurum,

Liv. 5, 50; cf.

pecunia (opp. privata),

Quint. 4, 2, 8:

arma,

Liv. 24, 21:

tus,

Ov. M. 14, 130:

sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

Cat. 68, 75:

ales (so called from its use in augury),

Verg. A. 11, 721:

luces (with profestae),

Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

dies (with religiosus),

Suet. Tib. 61:

tempus,

Hor. C. S. 4:

commissum,

a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

laurus,

id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

robur,

Ov. M. 8, 752:

aqua,

Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

fontes,

Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

focus,

Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

Tarentum,

id. C. 1, 28, 29:

fines,

Sil. 3, 501; cf.

montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

id. 4, 70;

vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

Hor. A. P. 391;

and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

Cybebe,

id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

sacer lapis,

a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—

With gen. (class.):

ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

urna Veneris,

id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

urna Veneria,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

Dianae celebris dies,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

sepulcrum Batti veteris,

Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—

With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

Ov. M. 7, 623:

esculus Jovi sacra,

Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

Nymphis cervus,

Ov. M. 10, 109:

Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

Verg. A. 6, 484:

pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

Tac. A. 15, 53:

cupressus Diti sacra,

Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

aesculus Jovi,

id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—

Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

silentium,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

laedere amantes,

Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

lingua (Ciceronis),

Mart. 5, 69, 7:

Maro,

id. 8. 56, 3:

quaedam patris memoria,

Quint. 11, 1, 59:

O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

Luc. 9, 983:

heu sacri vatum errores,

Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

auris Caesaris,

Mart. 7, 99, 4:

sacri lateris custos,

id. 6, 76, 1:

apud aures sacras mentitus est,

Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

se Imperatori mentitum,

id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.

In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.

With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 7.—

Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

Liv. 3, 55.—

Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).

Of persons:

ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

homo sacerrimus,

id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —

Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

Cat. 14, 12:

hircus alarum,

id. 71, 1:

auri fames,

Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

aurum fame,

Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

venenum (Medeae),

Val. Fl. 7, 165:

nox,

id. 8, 25:

arma metu,

id. 4, 185; cf.

pavor,

id. 1, 798:

insania,

Stat. Th. 10, 804:

morbus,

i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).

Lit.

Sing.:

sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

metuens velut contingere sacrum,

id. S. 2, 3, 110:

apud Cluacinae sacrum,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

Minervae,

Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrum Herculi facere,

Liv. 1, 7:

facere Junoni,

Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

facto per Magos sacro,

Suet. Ner. 34:

sollemne sacrum conficere,

Flor. 1, 13, 16:

ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

Quint. 1, 5, 67:

arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

Liv. 41, 12:

sacrum piaculare fieri,

id. 29, 19:

sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

id. ib. 14, 80:

nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

in sacro est,

id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—

Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

Ov. M. 2, 713:

Troïa,

Tib. 2, 5, 40:

velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

of the same,

Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

cumque suis penetralia sacris,

i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

jactata aequoribus sacra,

Hor. C.4,4,54:

pueri Sacra canunt,

sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

Sall. C. 22, 2:

qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

(Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

sacra Jovi facturus erat,

Ov. M. 3, 26:

sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

Verg. A. 4, 638:

ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

Liv. 1, 20:

densi circumstant sacra ministri,

Ov. M. 2, 717:

arcana sacra,

Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

fera,

id. ib. 13, 454:

nefanda,

id. ib. 10, 228:

mystica,

id. H. 2, 42:

horrida,

Sil. 3, 140:

veneranda,

id. 7, 382:

casta,

Stat. Achill. 1, 370.

Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

religio sacrorum,

id. Fl. 28, 69:

sacra Cereris conficere,

id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

Cereris,

Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

Eleusina,

Suet. Claud. 23:

Junonis,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

Orphica,

rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

Bacchia,

Ov. M. 3, 518:

trieterica Bacchi,

id. ib. 6, 587:

Dianae,

id. ib. 7, 94;

15, 489: Isidis,

Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—

The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

sacra privata perpetua manento,

Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

Liv. 5, 52:

ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

Liv. 4,2:

sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

sacrorum alienatio,

id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

sacrum familiare,

Macr. S. 1, 16:

nuptialia,

marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

called also jugalia,

Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—

Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

vatum,

Pers. prol. 7:

Maronis,

Mart. 7, 63, 5. —

Prov.

Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

inter sacrum et saxum positus,

App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —

Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

Ov. M. 7, 709:

peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

id. 5, 13, 60):

litterarum colere,

id. 10, 1, 92:

studiorum profanare,

Tac. Or. 11.

fornĭcātus, a, um, adj. [fornix, I.], vaulted, arched.

Lit.:

paries vel solidus vel fornicatus,

Cic. Top. 4, 22:

ambitus,

Plin. 12, 5, 11, § 22.—

As an adj. prop.: Via Fornicata, or Arch Street, a street in Rome leading to the Campus Martius, Liv. 22, 36, 8.

* * *

Tusci or Thusci, ōrum, m., another name for Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etru [p. 1920] ria, the Tuscans, Etruscans, Etrurians, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Liv. 2, 51, 1; 5, 33, 7; 5, 45, 4; Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106 al.—Hence,

Tuscĭa, ae, f., Etruria, the Etruscan territory, Eutr. 3, 9; 7, 3; Flor. 1, 5, 5.—

Tuscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan, Etruscan, Etrurian:

mare,

Mel. 1, 3. 3 sq.; 2, 4, 1; 2, 7, 17; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; Liv. 5, 33, 7; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 202 al.:

aequora,

id. C. 4, 4, 54:

pelagus,

Mel. 2, 5, 1:

sinus,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203: amnis, i. e. the Tiber, which flows through Etruria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 33; Ov. A. A. 3, 386; cf.

flumen,

id. M. 14, 615:

alveus,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 28:

tragoediae,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 55 Müll.:

sacra, Col. poët. 10, 341: dux,

i. e. Mezentius, Ov. F. 4, 884:

eques,

i. e. Mœcenas, Mart. 8, 56, 9:

cadi,

Tuscan wine, id. 13, 118, 2:

semen zea,

Ov. Med. Fac. 65; Plin. 18, 8, 19, § 82:

vicus,

a street in Rome inhabited by low people, especially by prostitutes, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Liv. 2, 14, 9; Tac. A. 4, 65 fin.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228 al.;

hence, ex Tusco modo dotem corpore quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 20.—

Tuscānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

dispositiones,

of the Tuscan style of architecture, Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Tuscā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

impluvium,

in the Tuscan style, Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 3, 2; 4, 7 fin.; Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; 36, 23, 56, § 178:

signa,

id. 34, 7, 16, § 33:

Apollo,

id. 34, 7, 18, § 43:

statuae,

Quint. 12, 10, 1. —

Tuscĭa, ae, f., the country of the Tuscans, Tuscia, Amm. 27, 3, 1 (but in Varr. L. L. 5, § 32, the correct read. is Tusci).

tūrārĭus ( thūr-), a, um, adj. [id.], of or belonging to frankincense.

In gen.

Adj.: tibiae, incense-flutes, i. e. flutes played upon while the incense was burned at sacrifices, Sol. 5 med. (called also tibiae sacrificae Tuscorum, Plin. 16, 36, 66, § 172; cf. Verg. G. 2, 193).—

Subst.: tūrārĭus, ii, m., a dealer in frankincense, Firm. Math. 8, 25 fin.; Tert. Idol. 11; Inscr. Orell. 4291; cf. Marini, Fratr. Arv. p. 338.—

Vicus Turarius, a street in Rome, in the eighth region, Ascon. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154.

Tusci or Thusci, ōrum, m., another name for Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etru [p. 1920] ria, the Tuscans, Etruscans, Etrurians, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Liv. 2, 51, 1; 5, 33, 7; 5, 45, 4; Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106 al.—Hence,

Tuscĭa, ae, f., Etruria, the Etruscan territory, Eutr. 3, 9; 7, 3; Flor. 1, 5, 5.—

Tuscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan, Etruscan, Etrurian:

mare,

Mel. 1, 3. 3 sq.; 2, 4, 1; 2, 7, 17; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; Liv. 5, 33, 7; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 202 al.:

aequora,

id. C. 4, 4, 54:

pelagus,

Mel. 2, 5, 1:

sinus,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203: amnis, i. e. the Tiber, which flows through Etruria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 33; Ov. A. A. 3, 386; cf.

flumen,

id. M. 14, 615:

alveus,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 28:

tragoediae,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 55 Müll.:

sacra, Col. poët. 10, 341: dux,

i. e. Mezentius, Ov. F. 4, 884:

eques,

i. e. Mœcenas, Mart. 8, 56, 9:

cadi,

Tuscan wine, id. 13, 118, 2:

semen zea,

Ov. Med. Fac. 65; Plin. 18, 8, 19, § 82:

vicus,

a street in Rome inhabited by low people, especially by prostitutes, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Liv. 2, 14, 9; Tac. A. 4, 65 fin.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228 al.;

hence, ex Tusco modo dotem corpore quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 20.—

Tuscānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

dispositiones,

of the Tuscan style of architecture, Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Tuscā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

impluvium,

in the Tuscan style, Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 3, 2; 4, 7 fin.; Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; 36, 23, 56, § 178:

signa,

id. 34, 7, 16, § 33:

Apollo,

id. 34, 7, 18, § 43:

statuae,

Quint. 12, 10, 1. —

Tuscĭa, ae, f., the country of the Tuscans, Tuscia, Amm. 27, 3, 1 (but in Varr. L. L. 5, § 32, the correct read. is Tusci).

Tusci or Thusci, ōrum, m., another name for Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etru [p. 1920] ria, the Tuscans, Etruscans, Etrurians, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Liv. 2, 51, 1; 5, 33, 7; 5, 45, 4; Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106 al.—Hence,

Tuscĭa, ae, f., Etruria, the Etruscan territory, Eutr. 3, 9; 7, 3; Flor. 1, 5, 5.—

Tuscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan, Etruscan, Etrurian:

mare,

Mel. 1, 3. 3 sq.; 2, 4, 1; 2, 7, 17; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; Liv. 5, 33, 7; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 202 al.:

aequora,

id. C. 4, 4, 54:

pelagus,

Mel. 2, 5, 1:

sinus,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203: amnis, i. e. the Tiber, which flows through Etruria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 33; Ov. A. A. 3, 386; cf.

flumen,

id. M. 14, 615:

alveus,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 28:

tragoediae,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 55 Müll.:

sacra, Col. poët. 10, 341: dux,

i. e. Mezentius, Ov. F. 4, 884:

eques,

i. e. Mœcenas, Mart. 8, 56, 9:

cadi,

Tuscan wine, id. 13, 118, 2:

semen zea,

Ov. Med. Fac. 65; Plin. 18, 8, 19, § 82:

vicus,

a street in Rome inhabited by low people, especially by prostitutes, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Liv. 2, 14, 9; Tac. A. 4, 65 fin.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228 al.;

hence, ex Tusco modo dotem corpore quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 20.—

Tuscānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

dispositiones,

of the Tuscan style of architecture, Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Tuscā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

impluvium,

in the Tuscan style, Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 3, 2; 4, 7 fin.; Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; 36, 23, 56, § 178:

signa,

id. 34, 7, 16, § 33:

Apollo,

id. 34, 7, 18, § 43:

statuae,

Quint. 12, 10, 1. —

Tuscĭa, ae, f., the country of the Tuscans, Tuscia, Amm. 27, 3, 1 (but in Varr. L. L. 5, § 32, the correct read. is Tusci).

Tusci or Thusci, ōrum, m., another name for Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etru [p. 1920] ria, the Tuscans, Etruscans, Etrurians, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Liv. 2, 51, 1; 5, 33, 7; 5, 45, 4; Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106 al.—Hence,

Tuscĭa, ae, f., Etruria, the Etruscan territory, Eutr. 3, 9; 7, 3; Flor. 1, 5, 5.—

Tuscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan, Etruscan, Etrurian:

mare,

Mel. 1, 3. 3 sq.; 2, 4, 1; 2, 7, 17; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; Liv. 5, 33, 7; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 202 al.:

aequora,

id. C. 4, 4, 54:

pelagus,

Mel. 2, 5, 1:

sinus,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203: amnis, i. e. the Tiber, which flows through Etruria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 33; Ov. A. A. 3, 386; cf.

flumen,

id. M. 14, 615:

alveus,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 28:

tragoediae,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 55 Müll.:

sacra, Col. poët. 10, 341: dux,

i. e. Mezentius, Ov. F. 4, 884:

eques,

i. e. Mœcenas, Mart. 8, 56, 9:

cadi,

Tuscan wine, id. 13, 118, 2:

semen zea,

Ov. Med. Fac. 65; Plin. 18, 8, 19, § 82:

vicus,

a street in Rome inhabited by low people, especially by prostitutes, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Liv. 2, 14, 9; Tac. A. 4, 65 fin.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228 al.;

hence, ex Tusco modo dotem corpore quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 20.—

Tuscānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

dispositiones,

of the Tuscan style of architecture, Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Tuscā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

impluvium,

in the Tuscan style, Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 3, 2; 4, 7 fin.; Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; 36, 23, 56, § 178:

signa,

id. 34, 7, 16, § 33:

Apollo,

id. 34, 7, 18, § 43:

statuae,

Quint. 12, 10, 1. —

Tuscĭa, ae, f., the country of the Tuscans, Tuscia, Amm. 27, 3, 1 (but in Varr. L. L. 5, § 32, the correct read. is Tusci).

Tusci or Thusci, ōrum, m., another name for Etrusci, the inhabitants of Etru [p. 1920] ria, the Tuscans, Etruscans, Etrurians, Mel. 2, 4, 2; Liv. 2, 51, 1; 5, 33, 7; 5, 45, 4; Cic. Div. 2, 51, 106 al.—Hence,

Tuscĭa, ae, f., Etruria, the Etruscan territory, Eutr. 3, 9; 7, 3; Flor. 1, 5, 5.—

Tuscus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan, Etruscan, Etrurian:

mare,

Mel. 1, 3. 3 sq.; 2, 4, 1; 2, 7, 17; Plin. 3, 5, 8, § 50; Cic. de Or. 3, 19, 69; Liv. 5, 33, 7; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 202 al.:

aequora,

id. C. 4, 4, 54:

pelagus,

Mel. 2, 5, 1:

sinus,

Plin. 2, 88, 89, § 203: amnis, i. e. the Tiber, which flows through Etruria, Hor. S. 2, 2, 33; Ov. A. A. 3, 386; cf.

flumen,

id. M. 14, 615:

alveus,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 28:

tragoediae,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 55 Müll.:

sacra, Col. poët. 10, 341: dux,

i. e. Mezentius, Ov. F. 4, 884:

eques,

i. e. Mœcenas, Mart. 8, 56, 9:

cadi,

Tuscan wine, id. 13, 118, 2:

semen zea,

Ov. Med. Fac. 65; Plin. 18, 8, 19, § 82:

vicus,

a street in Rome inhabited by low people, especially by prostitutes, Varr. L. L. 5, § 46 Müll.; Liv. 2, 14, 9; Tac. A. 4, 65 fin.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 21; Hor. S. 2, 3, 228 al.;

hence, ex Tusco modo dotem corpore quaerere,

Plaut. Cist. 2, 3, 20.—

Tuscānus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

dispositiones,

of the Tuscan style of architecture, Vitr. 4, 6 fin. —

Tuscā-nĭcus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Tuscans, Tuscan:

impluvium,

in the Tuscan style, Varr. L. L. 5, § 161 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 3, 2; 4, 7 fin.; Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 154; 36, 23, 56, § 178:

signa,

id. 34, 7, 16, § 33:

Apollo,

id. 34, 7, 18, § 43:

statuae,

Quint. 12, 10, 1. —

Tuscĭa, ae, f., the country of the Tuscans, Tuscia, Amm. 27, 3, 1 (but in Varr. L. L. 5, § 32, the correct read. is Tusci).

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.

fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.

In gen., an open space.

The area before a tomb, fore-court:

quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,

Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—

The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—

Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—

In partic., a public place, market-place.

A market, as a place for buying and selling:

quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.

forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—

forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;

here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—

forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—

forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:

L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,

Cic. Clu. 14, 40:

oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,

Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—

The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:

statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,

Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):

in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,

Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:

in foro turbaque,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17:

arripere verba de foro,

to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:

in vulgus et in foro dicere,

id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):

cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,

id. Rep. 2, 37:

in forum descendere,

id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):

foro nimium distare Carinas,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:

fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,

id. S. 1, 6, 114:

forumque litibus orbum,

id. C. 4, 2, 44:

Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:

gladiatores ad forum producti,

id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:

ut primum forum attigerim,

i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:

studia fori,

Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:

ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:

quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,

Quint. 10, 7, 20:

nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,

Verg. G. 2, 502:

forum agere,

to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:

lenta fori pugnamus harena,

Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:

indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,

Verg. A. 5, 758:

civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,

to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:

extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,

beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,

is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:

in alieno foro litigare,

i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:

haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:

quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,

id. Fl. 29, 70:

sublata erat de foro fides,

id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:

nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,

i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);

called simply forum,

Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,

quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,

Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:

erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,

Mart. 3, 38, 4:

vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,

Juv. 6, 68.—

Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,

Forum Ăliēni, a town in Gallia Transpadana, now Ferrara, Tac. H. 3, 6.—

Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—

Forum Aurēlium, a small city near Rome, on the Via Aurelia, now Montalto, Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24.—

Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:

ager,

Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—

Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—

Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:

colonia,

i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—

Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36.